Effect of Yunvjian with or Without Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Response in Diabetic Rats with Syndrome of Yin Deficiency and Internal Heat / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the different effects of Yunvjian with or without Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix on glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammatory response in diabetic rats with the syndrome of Yin deficiency and internal heat. MethodThe rat model of diabetes due to Yin deficiency and internal heat was established by feeding with a high-sugar and high-fat diet and injection of thyroxine and streptozotocin. The successfully modeled rats were randomized into model control， Yunvjian without Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix （11.8 g·kg-1）， Yunvjian with Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix （12.8 g·kg-1）， and Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix （1.0 g·kg-1） groups （n=10）， and another 10 rats were taken as the normal control group. Each group was administrated with corresponding drugs or saline by gavage for 28 days. The fasting blood glucose （FBG）， fasting insulin （FINS）， total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） in rats were measured. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to determine the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）， cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP）， triiodothyronine （T3）， thyroxine （T4）， interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， and C-reactive protein （CRP） in the serum. The histopathological changes of the liver were observed. The expression of lipoxygenase-2 （COX-2） was detected by immunofluorescence. The mRNA levels of nuclear transcription factors-κB （NF-κB）， monocyte chemotactic protein-1 （MCP-1）， and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）.Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of NF-κB in hibitory protein（IκB） kinase β （IKKβ）， IκBα， and phosphorylated IκBα （p-IκBα） in the liver and the protein levels of NF-κB in the cytoplasm and nucleus. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed elevated levels of FBG， FINS， insulin resistance index， TC， TG， LDL-C， cAMP， T3， T4， IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α， and CRP， up-regulated mRNA levels of NF-κB， MCP-1， and ICAM-1， and up-regulated protein levels of COX-2， p-IκBα， and nuclear NF-κB （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Yunvjian without Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix lowered the levels of FBG， FINS， insulin resistance index， TC， TG， LDL-C， cAMP， T3， T4， IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α， and CRP， down-regulated the mRNA levels of NF-κB， MCP-1， and ICAM-1， and down-regulated the protein levels of COX-2， p-IκBα and nuclear NF-κB （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the Yunvjian without Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix， Yunvjian with Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix showed lowered levels of FBG， FINS， insulin resistance index， and inflammatory cytokines， down-regulated mRNA levels of NF-κB， MCP-1， and ICAM-1， and down-regulated protein levels of p-IκBα and nuclear NF-κB （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionAchyranthis Bidentatae Radix can enhance the performance of Yunvjian in reducing blood glucose and inhibiting inflammation in diabetic rats with the syndrome of yin deficiency and internal heat by down-regulating the IKK/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Short-term effects of hyaluronic acid combined with glucocorticoid injection in treating knee osteoarthritis / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the short-term effects of articular injection of hyaluronic acid combined with glucocorticoid in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods:From October 2017 to June 2018, a total of 188 patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis received parallel articular injection. There were 60 cases with mild knee osteoarthritis, 72 with moderate and 56 with severe according to the WOMAC knee functional score. There patients were divided into group rank Ⅰ48 cases, Ⅱ 49 cases, Ⅲ 45 cases, Ⅳ 46 cases according to the knee joint X-ray Kellgren-Lawrence classification. The unified treatment regimen was 2.5 ml Sodium Hyaluronate (SHA) injection for the first time, SHA 2.5 ml and compound betamethasone injection (CBI) 1 ml for the second week, and 2.5 ml of SHA for the third week. WOMAC score and Lequesne index were used to evaluate joint function before the first injection and after SHA and SHA+CBI injection. The improvement rate of Lequesne index ≥30% or improvement rate of WOMAC score ≥25% was regarded as effective treatment.Results:Lequesne index and WOMAC score decreased gradually in the mild, moderate and severe groups after 3 weeks of injection. Among these patients, the improvement rates of Lequesne index after SHA injection and SHA+CBI injection were 36.44%±8.46% and 49.26%±13.75% in the mild group, 23.09%±12.61% and 30.66%±14.95% in the moderate group, and 10.50%±8.78% and 11.07%±6.52% in the severe group. The improvement rate of WOMAC score in the mild group after SHA injection and after SHA+CBI injection was greater than 25%. After SHA injection, the improvement rate of WOMAC score was 13.06%±10.21% in the moderate group, and 27.49%±13.61% after SHA+CBI injection. Those in severe group were all less than 25%. Kendall's staub correlation analysis results showed that there was a strong positive correlation between WOMAC function score and X-ray Kellgren-Lawrence classification ( r=0.744, P<0.001). The Lequesne index and WOMAC scores of the Kellgren-Lawrence X-ray classification decreased gradually after 3 weeks of injection. The improvement rate of Lequesne index period in group rank Ⅰ after SHA and SHA+CBI injection was 36.64%±10.05% and 52.00%±8.19%, respectively. That for group rank Ⅱ was 32.05%±8.09% and 41.95%±10.53%, group rank Ⅲ 16.93%±10.34% and 27.77%±10.25%, group rank Ⅳ 7.52%±5.53% and 7.60%±6.66%. The improvement rate of WOMAC score period in group rank Ⅰ after SHA and SHA+CBI injection was 29.48%±11.77% and 42.59%±13.55%, respectively. That for group rank Ⅱ was 26.72%±10.21% and 30.49%±16.90%, group rank Ⅲ 13.78%±5.96% and 23.05%±9.52%, group rank Ⅳ 4.77%±3.80% and 4.27%±4.23%. Conclusion:For mild or X-ray classification Ⅰ, Ⅱ knee osteoarthritis patients, articular injection SHA or SHA+CBI are effective. Further, SHA+CBI is better than single injection of SHA. SHA+CBI injection was effective for moderate knee osteoarthritis patients. For severe or X-ray classification Ⅲ, Ⅳ patients, SHA or SHA+CBI injection at interval are invalid.

Novel approach for real-time monitoring of carrier-based DPIs delivery process pulmonary route based on modular modified Sympatec HELOS

An explicit illustration of pulmonary delivery processes (PDPs) was a prerequisite for the formulation design and optimization of carrier-based DPIs. However, the current evaluation approaches for DPIs could not provide precise investigation of each PDP separately, or the approaches merely used a simplified and idealized model. In the present study, a novel modular modified Sympatec HELOS (MMSH) was developed to fully investigate the mechanism of each PDP separately in real-time. An inhaler device, artificial throat and pre-separator were separately integrated with a Sympatec HELOS. The dispersion and fluidization, transportation, detachment and deposition processes of pulmonary delivery for model DPIs were explored under different flow rates. Moreover, time-sliced measurements were used to monitor the PDPs in real-time. The Next Generation Impactor (NGI) was applied to determine the aerosolization performance of the model DPIs. The release profiles of the drug particles, drug aggregations and carriers were obtained by MMSH in real-time. Each PDP of the DPIs was analyzed in detail. Moreover, a positive correlation was established between the total release amount of drug particles and the fine particle fraction (FPF) values ( = 0.9898). The innovative MMSH was successfully developed and was capable of illustrating the PDPs and the mechanism of carrier-based DPIs, providing a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of carrier-based DPIs.

The role of DFO in Al (mal) 3-induced ferroptosis in PC12 cells / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the mechanism of Al (mal) 3-induced ferroptosis in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells (PC12), to explore the effect of deferoxamine (DFO) .@*Methods@#Taken PC12 cells growing at logarithmic phase and divided into 6 groups: control group, 200 μmol/L Al (mal) 3 group, 0.5% DMSO group, 200 μmol/L DFO group, Al (mal) 3+DMSO group, Al (mal) 3+DFO group. DMSO and DFO were added to the DMSO group and the Al (mal) 3+DMSO group, the DFO group and the Al (mal) 3+DFO group for 2 h, respectively, Al (mal) 3 was then added to the Al (mal) 3 group, Al (mal) 3+DMSO group, and the Al (mal) 3+DFO group to a final concentration of 200 μmol/L. The cell viability was detected by CCK8, the morphology and ROS levels of PC12 cells was observed by inverted microscope, the cell proliferation toxicity and intracellular iron ion content were detected by colorimetry, the GSH content and GSH-PX activity were detected by biochemical method.@*Results@#Al (mal) 3 exposure significantly inhibited the growth of PC12 cells and destroyed the cell morphological structure, resulting in increased LDH activity and intracellular iron ion content in PC12 cells, decreased GSH content and GSH-PX activity, increased ROS levels; the combined treatment of Al (mal) 3+DFO can significantly improve the cell viability of PC12 cells, improved cell morphology, decreased cell LDH activity and intracellular iron ion content (P>0.05), increased GSH content and GSH-PX activity, decreased ROS levels.@*Conclusion@#Al (mal) 3 can induce ferroptosis in PC12 cells, DFO may inhibit ferroptosis by reducing intracellular iron levels and reducing oxidative damage.

Investigation of Fenhe Reservoir 1 Eutrophication / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To know the eutrophic state of Fenhe 1 reservoir. Methods The eutrophic level of Fenhe reservoir 1 was evaluated through measuring transparence,the total concentration of nitrogen(TN),phosphorus(TP),chlorophyll-a level(Chla) and the total count of the algal cells and calculating water TLI(∑). Results Water transparence in low water period was higher than that in common water period,TN concentration in low water period was higher than that in common water period,and it obviously exceeded the related standard limit in Surface Water Environment Quality Standard (GB3838—2002); TP concertration in common water period and low water period did not exceed the limit; Chla level was low;TLI(∑) in common water period and low water period was lower than 50. The total count of the algal cells was 1.67?106/L in low water period,which was much more than that(9.5?104/L) in the common water period. Conclusion Fenhe reservoir 1 is in mesotropher state.

Immune Toxicity and Oxidative Damages in Mice Induced by Formaldehyde / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To explore the effects of formaldehyde (FA) on the contents of CD3, CD4, CD8 and the activity of SOD and the contents of MDA in the spleen and thymus of mice. Methods 30 Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, 6 in each and treated with FA: the negative control group, 1 mg/m3, 3 mg/m3, 5 mg/m3 and the positive control group (treated with cyclophosphamide, CP). The mice were exposed to FA by static state inhalation in a chamber for 14 days, then the contents of CD3, CD4, CD8, MDA and the activity of SOD in the liver, spleen and thymus were determined. Results The contents of CD3, CD4, CD8 in the spleen and thymus showed a significant decreasing as the exposure dose increasing, an obvious dose-response relation was seen and there were significant differences between FA exposed groups and the control group (P